天津法耀劍橋A-Level國(guó)際教育
劍橋A-level|國(guó)際中學(xué)招生|A-Level國(guó)際課程|IGCSE課程
為了讓大家對(duì)A-level經(jīng)濟(jì)有更的了解,本篇文章將從三個(gè)方面介紹CIE A-level A2部分:
1.A-level經(jīng)濟(jì)簡(jiǎn)介+A*學(xué)子備考tips
2.Essays話題解讀
1/A-level經(jīng)濟(jì)簡(jiǎn)介+大綱
A-level分為兩個(gè)部分(AS和A2),雖然難度系數(shù)相差很大,但是兩個(gè)部分占比是一樣的(較終=AS+A2,無(wú)加權(quán))所以說(shuō),如果各位考生在AS階段可以拿到90/100+的,在A2中會(huì)很多。
上圖是分布圖,A-level指AS+A2。
在AS中(Paper1和Paper2),較好的選擇題占了整個(gè)AS的40,而在A2里(Paper3和Paper4),選擇題只占了30的分(15是指在整個(gè)里的占比),而70都在考data和essay,對(duì)考生的寫作能力、手速、耐力、邏輯思維能力和知識(shí)點(diǎn)運(yùn)用的要求都非常的高。
A-level在AS的基礎(chǔ)上,包含五個(gè)topic:
A.Basic economic ideas and resources allocation
B.The price system and the micro economy
C.Government microeconomic intervention
D.The macro economy
E.Government macroeconomic intervention
TIP1:經(jīng)濟(jì)中較重要的就是syllabus!
TIP2:MIND MAP思維導(dǎo)圖
根據(jù)syllabus上面的五個(gè)topic制作五張思維導(dǎo)圖,也可以電子版的做成一份~下面是我之前做的一部分思維導(dǎo)圖:
除了syllabus之外,我還參考了經(jīng)濟(jì)課本、z-notes、很多有關(guān)A2備考的文章以及視頻。
TIP3:記憶卡片
因?yàn)閑ssay里面引用一些重要的定義是必不可少的,理解著去寫出來(lái)肯定沒(méi)問(wèn)題,但用課本上給的似乎更專業(yè)些。我會(huì)參考教科書的用法,然后去google一下定義再做結(jié)合。
很多課本還有revision book給的定義用語(yǔ)相差很多。我會(huì)選擇自己記憶順暢、表達(dá)的摘錄在記憶卡片上,每天早晨抽取著讀背寫。這種記憶卡片可以用本子代替,也可以去文具店里買生記英語(yǔ)單詞的硬紙片卡
Essays話題解讀
Paper 4:essay and data
技巧:正面反面都要說(shuō),舉例子+配圖。A2重題概率很高,雖然不是完全一樣的題,但是考察的知識(shí)點(diǎn)差不多。而且是可以選擇自己擅長(zhǎng)的topic,和AS一樣。我個(gè)人會(huì)側(cè)重于準(zhǔn)備兩個(gè)topic,其他的把主要的記一下過(guò)一下。比如A2時(shí)我選的是GDP,developing/developed countries有關(guān)的問(wèn)題和utility&indifference curve等有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。
宏觀話題:
1.unemployment-causes&influences&policies to correct.12分或13分
需要記憶的:
definition of unemployment,method of calculation;
Different types of unemployment(cyclical,frictional,structural,etc);
Ways to correct for different types of unemployment(indirect or direct taxation,corporate taxes;stimulate investment,increase in govt.Spending.Etc.)
常用的conclusion&evaluation:
It is not possible to achieve full employment.The natural rate of unemployment depends on the mobility of labor,income taxes....
2.GDP,economic growth&economic development,developed and developing countries.12分或13分
需要記憶的:
以上幾個(gè)terms的definition;
Economic development和economic growth的區(qū)別;
Types of economic growth(real growth and potential growth);
Advantages and disadvantages of using GDP as an indicator of economic growth and development;
Other methods:definition and pros&cons;
Methods of calculation
下面是我之前整理的關(guān)于GDP的知識(shí)點(diǎn),正如上文提到的,這一個(gè)topic是我感覺(jué)簡(jiǎn)單所以精心準(zhǔn)備的備考話題。大家可以把這些當(dāng)作參考,進(jìn)行整理筆記。例子一定要從課本里面都看一遍,自己想也ok,只要有就行,合理的例子真的非常非常重要:
Measurement of GDP—measurement of the flow of income in an economy over a particular period of time.
#三種方式測(cè)出來(lái)的數(shù)字應(yīng)該是一樣的,因?yàn)槎际莟he flow of income produced in an economy
#the value of output is equal to the incomes that it generates
#假設(shè):income=expenditure
(1)OUTPUT method:avoid counting the same output twice;ONLY FINAL GOODS
例子:If the value of cars sold by manufacturers is added to the value of output of the tyre firms,double counting will occur.so only add up value added(=revenue-material input)
(2)INCOME method:payments received in return for providing good/services.
?。╬rimary income)TRANSFER PAYMENTS are NOT included=payments made to factors of production=profit+wages+interest+rent…
(3)EXPENDITURE method=C+I+G+X-M-indirect taxes+subsidies
inventory:存貨(算在investment,商家沒(méi)賣出去自己買下來(lái),使output=expenditure)
Investment包含:
1.Machine
2.Building Structure
3.Inventory
買房子是investment,租房子是consumption
3.Money,interest rate theory 12分或13分
需要記憶的點(diǎn):
Definition of money;
list of some characteristics of money;
how money supply can be changed;
details of two theories:loanable funds theory and Liquidity
preference:
explanation of three motives of liquidity preference;
Liquidity trap mentioned
2
微觀話題
1.Labor Market
需要記憶的點(diǎn):
what is labor market,how it can be determined
Demand factors of labor
Supply factors of labor
MRP theory
Changes in demand and supply of labor
Imperfections in labor market
常用總結(jié):there are many factors that determine he wage rate in labor market.There are many imperfections influencing the market as well such as mobility of labor monopsony..
2.Utility&Indifference curve&Budget line--link between/with demand 12或13分
Market structure:perfect competition,monopolistic competition,oligopoly and monopoly.
需要記憶的點(diǎn):
definition of utility,marginal utility and total utility;
Full definition of budget line and indifference curve.;
equi-marginal principle;diminishing marginal utility;
law of demand;
how demand curve is derived;
limitations of the theory in explaining consumer demand;
details of normal good,inferior good and giffen good(explain with indifference curve and budget line)
3.market structure-perfect competition,monopolistic competition,oligopoly,monopoly..13’or12’
需要記憶的點(diǎn):
definition of particular market structure from aspects of barriers of entry,nature of product,interdependence,influence over price;details link to what mentioned in the title;different types of efficiency.
注意:一定要分清不同類型market的圖。
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